Distinguish between an enclave and an exclave and provide an example for each.

• A. An enclave is territory of one state entirely within another; an exclave is a portion of a state's territory separated from the main part by foreign land; Example: Lesotho in South Africa is an enclave and Kaliningrad Oblast is an exclave.
• B. An enclave is territory separated from the main part by foreign land; an exclave is territory entirely within another country; Example: Kaliningrad is an enclave and Lesotho is an exclave.
• C. An enclave and an exclave are the same phenomenon; both are always surrounded by water.
• D. An enclave is an area with autonomy within a country; an exclave is an area that has no land access to foreign territory.

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is how to distinguish a land area that belongs to a country from the land around it, using two specific terms.

An enclave is a piece of a country that is entirely surrounded by another country. The classic example is Lesotho, which is a sovereign state bordered entirely by South Africa. This makes Lesotho an enclave within South Africa’s territory.

An exclave, on the other hand, is a portion of a country that is geographically separated from the main part of that country by foreign land. Kaliningrad Oblast fits this: it is part of Russia but lies separated from the rest of Russia by other countries (and the Baltic Sea) and thus is not connected to the main Russian territory.

Why the other descriptions don’t fit: defining an enclave and an exclave as being the same thing (or always surrounded by water) isn’t accurate, since enclaves/exclaves aren’t defined by water—some are landlocked, some aren’t, and many are not separated by water at all. Describing an enclave as autonomy within a country misstates the idea, which is about geographic separation, not political autonomy.