Provide a concise explanation of how electoral geography (e.g., gerrymandering) can influence political outcomes across borders.

• A. Gerrymandering is internal to a country; cross-border influence occurs mainly through diaspora voting and cross-border political integration, affecting representation indirectly.
• B. Gerrymandering in one country can directly redraw electoral districts in neighboring countries.
• C. Cross-border electoral influence is impossible due to sovereignty.
• D. Diaspora voting and cross-border political integration can influence representation indirectly.

Answer: (D)

The key idea is that electoral geography can affect politics beyond borders through people and institutions that connect countries, not by physically altering another country's districts. Diaspora voting lets citizens living abroad participate in elections back home, which can tilt results in close races or shift national outcomes, even though those voters are outside the country’s borders. In addition, cross-border political integration—such as regional cooperation, binational or transnational party networks, and shared policy platforms—can influence how representation is shaped and which voices gain influence, creating indirect effects on election results and political power. Directly redrawing districts in a neighboring country isn’t feasible under sovereignty, and saying cross-border influence is impossible misses these real, indirect pathways.