Which theory argued that states constantly needed new territory to meet the demands of a growing population?

• A. Heartland theory
• B. Organic theory
• C. Rimland theory
• D. Geopolitics

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is that a state behaves like a living organism that must expand to sustain growth. The Organic Theory, developed by Friedrich Ratzel, treats the nation as an organism that needs space and resources to nourish a growing population. As population pressure increases, gaining new territory is seen as a natural way to provide more land for agriculture, resources, and living space, helping the state continue to grow. This concept even influenced later policies like lebensraum. In contrast, the Heartland theory centers on controlling the Eurasian interior for strategic power, the Rimland theory on commanding the coastal periphery, and Geopolitics as the broader field studying how geography shapes politics. So the statement fits the Organic Theory best.