Which theory emphasizes control of the Eurasian coastal fringe as the key to global power?

• A. Heartland theory
• B. Rimland theory
• C. Organic theory
• D. Geostrategy

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is that global power comes from controlling the Eurasian coastal fringe—the Rimland—because this zone provides access to key sea routes, resources, and a belt of states that can project power and block rivals. The Rimland theory, formulated by Nicholas Spykman, argues that mastering these coastal areas around the Eurasian heartland enables a state to influence multiple regions, build strategic alliances, and deny sea power to others, making it the decisive factor in global reach.

This contrasts with the Heartland theory, which centers on dominating the interior of Eurasia rather than its coastlines. The Organic theory focuses on the idea of the state as a living organism whose growth is driven by internal forces, not geography-specific routes to global dominance. Geostrategy is a broad field of study about such strategic considerations, but the specific claim that coastal fringe control drives global power points to the Rimland.